The systematicmodel for implementation of open innovation in Yuchai Group in the People’s Republic of China

Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2019     |     PP. 30-59      |     PDF (411 K)    |     Pub. Date: August 5, 2019
DOI:    258 Downloads     3775 Views  

Author(s)

Lin Zhang, Business School, Guangxi University, Nanning,P. R. China
Xiaojuan Yang, Business School, Guangxi University, Nanning,P. R. China
Dawei Zhang, School of Economic Management, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, P. R. China

Abstract
Purpose – This paper aimsto develop a systematic model of open innovation from a systematic view based on the case study of the YuchaiGroup’s practices so as to illustrate the knowledge input and output in the open-innovation model. Design/methodology/approach –The systematic model of open innovation was constructed on the basis of the Yuchai Group’s practices in the People’s Republic of China from a grounded theory approach. Findings –The results show that, from the systematic view,the dynamic processes of open innovation could be divided into four interconnected parts: elements, integration, evaluation of performance and adjustmentto the environment. For the Yuchai Group, the element acquisitionare much more vital than the developmentof ideas. Moreover, the structuralintegration consists of theinternal integration and external integration according to the internal and external relationships of knowledge under the value chain. Additionally, the evaluation of performance focuses on knowledge production, not only about pecuniaryresults related to patent production, but also the change of modules as theknowledge base. The adjustment of open innovationto changes in both the market and the political environment is a long but gradual process. Therefore, it is appropriate for organizations to adopt the systematic model for the management of open innovation. Originality/value–The authors have builta systematic model (ESFE) of open innovation and elucidated some effective practices of open-innovation management based onthe case study of a Chinese firm.

Keywords
Systematic Model, Open Innovation, Organizational Change

Cite this paper
Lin Zhang, Xiaojuan Yang, Dawei Zhang, The systematicmodel for implementation of open innovation in Yuchai Group in the People’s Republic of China , SCIREA Journal of Sociology. Volume 3, Issue 2, April 2019 | PP. 30-59.

References

[ 1 ] Abulrub, A. H. G. and Lee, J. (2012): Open innovation management: challenges and prospects, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 41, 41, 130-138.
[ 2 ] Almirall,E.andCasadesus-Masanell, R. (2010): Open versus closed innovation: a model of discovery and divergence, Academy of Management Review, 35, 1, 27-47.
[ 3 ] Anderson, N., Potocnik, K. and Zhou, J. (2014):Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework, Journal of Management, 40, 5, 1297-1333.
[ 4 ] Arora, A., Athreye, S., and Huang, C. (2016): The paradox of openness revisited: collaborative innovation and patenting by uk innovators, Research Policy, 45, 7, 1352-1361.
[ 5 ] Bakici, T.,Almirall, E.and Wareham, J.(2013): The role of public open innovation intermediaries in local government and the public sector, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 25, 3, 21810-21819.
[ 6 ] Bertalanffy, L. V.(1968): General system theory: Foundation, development, applications, Systems Man & Cybernetics IEEE Transactions on, smc-4, 6, 592–592.
[ 7 ] Bianchi, M., Cavaliere, A., Chiaroni, D., Frattini, F.and Chiesa, V.(2011): Organisational modes for Open Innovation in the bio-pharmaceutical industry: An exploratory analysis, Technovation, 31, 1, 22-33.
[ 8 ] Boudreau, K.J. and Lakhani, K.R.(2009): How to manage outside innovation, Mit Sloan Management Review, 50, 4, 69-76.
[ 9 ] Bush,V (1945):Science, the endless frontier: A report to the President, Journal of the Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 37 ,1,32-35.
[ 10 ] Callon, M., (1994): Is science a public good? Fifth Mullin lecture, Virginia Politec Institute, 23 March 1993. Sci. Technol. Hum.Values 19 (4), 395–424
[ 11 ] Carayannis, Elias G., David F. J. Campbell (2006a). „Mode 3“: Meaning and Implications from a Knowledge Systems Perspective, 1-25, in: Elias G. Carayannis, David F. J. Campbell (eds.): Knowledge Creation, Diffusion, and Use in Innovation Networks and Knowledge Clusters. A Comparative Systems Approach across the United States, Europe and Asia. Westport, Connecticut: Praeger.
[ 12 ] Carayannis, E.G. and Campbell, D.F.J. (2009):“Mode 3” and “Quadruple Helix”: Toward a 21st century fractal innovation ecosystem, International journal of technology management, 46, 3/4, 201-234.
[ 13 ] Carayannis, E.G. and Campbell, D.F.J. (2011):Open innovation diplomacy and a 21st Century Fractal Research, Education and Innovation (FREIE) Ecosystem: Building on the Quadruple and Quintuple Helix innovation concepts and the “Mode 3” knowledge production system, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 2, 3, 327-372.
[ 14 ] Carayannis, E.G. and Campbell, D.F.J. (2012):Developed democracies versus emerging autocracies: arts, democracy, and innovation in Quadruple Helix innovation systems, Journal of Innovation & Entrepreneurship, 3, 1, 12.
[ 15 ] Cheng, C. C. J. and Shiu, E. C. (2015): The inconvenient truth of the relationship between open innovation activities and innovation performance, Management Decision, 53, 3, 625-647.
[ 16 ] Chesbrough, H. (2003): The era of open innovation, Mit Sloan Management Review, 44, 3, 35-41.
[ 17 ] Chesbrough, H. and Crowther, A. K.(2006): Beyond high tech: Early adopters of open innovation in other industries, R & D Management, 36, 3, 229-236.
[ 18 ] Chesbrough, H. and West, J. (2006): Open innovation: Researching a new paradigm, WimVanhaverbeke, 84, 4, 1259-1259.
[ 19 ] Cooke, P. (2004). Introduction: Regional innovation systems – an evolutionary approach. In P. Cooke, M. Heidenreich, & H. Braczyk (Eds.), Regional innovation systems. London: Routledge.
[ 20 ] Dahlander, L. and Gann, D. M.(2010): How open is innovation?,Research Policy, 39, 6, 699-709.
[ 21 ] Eisenhardt, K.M. (1989), “Building theories from case study research”, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 532-550.
[ 22 ] Enkel, E., Gassmann, O.andChesbrough, H.(2009): Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon, R & D Management, 39, 4, 311-316.
[ 23 ] Freeman, C.(1995): The ‘National System of Innovation’ in historical perspective, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 19, 1, 5-24.
[ 24 ] Fu, X. (2012): How does openness affect the importance of incentives for innovation?Research Policy, 41, 3, 512-523.
[ 25 ] Gambardella, A. and Panico, C. (2014): On the management of open innovation, Research Policy, 43, 5, 903-913.
[ 26 ] Gassmann, O. and Enkel, E. (2004):Towards a theory of open innovation: Three core process archetypes[R] ,In R&D Management Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, pp.8-9.
[ 27 ] Gibbons, M., Limoges, C., Nowotny, H., Schwartzman,S., Scott, P., Trow, M. (1994): The New Production of Knowledge: The Dynamics of Science and Research in Contemporary Societies. Sage publications, London
[ 28 ] Ginting, G. (2015): Open innovation model: empowering entrepreneurial orientation and utilizing network resources as determinant for internationalization performance of small medium agroindustry, Agriculture & Agricultural Science Procedia, 3, 56-61.
[ 29 ] Glaser, B.G. , Strauss, A. (1967): The Discovery of Grounded Theory Strategies for Qual- itative Research. Aldine Transaction, New Jersey, USA .
[ 30 ] Glaser, B., (2008). Conceptualization: on theory and theorizing using grounded theory. Int. J. Qual. Methods 1, 23–38. doi: 10.1103/Physics.3.106 .
[ 31 ] Golden-Biddle, K. and Locke, K. (2007), Composing Qualitative Research: Crafting Theoretical Points from Qualitative Research, Sage, CA.
[ 32 ] Gummesson, E. (2000), Qualitative Methods in Management Research, Sage, Thousand Oaks, CA.
[ 33 ] Hamdani, J. and Wirawan, C. (2012): Open innovation implementation to sustain indonesian SMEs, Procedia Economics and Finance, 4, 223 – 233.
[ 34 ] Hao-Chen Huang, Mei-Chi Lai, Lee-Hsuan Lin, Chien-Tsai Chen, (2013): Overcoming organizational inertia to strengthen business model innovation: An open innovation perspective, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 26, 6, 977-1002,
[ 35 ] Harmancioglu, N.(2009): Portfolio of controls in outsourcing relationships for global new product development, Industrial Marketing Management, 38, 4, 394-403.
[ 36 ] Howells, J.(2006): Intermediation and the role of intermediaries in innovation, Research Policy, 35, 5, 715-728.
[ 37 ] Howells, J.(2008): New directions in R&D: current and prospective challenges, R & D Management, 38, 3, 241-252.
[ 38 ] Huizingh, E. K. R. E. (2011): Open innovation: state of the art and future perspectives, Technovation, 31, 1, 2-9.
[ 39 ] Ipe, M. (2003): Knowledge Sharing in Organizations: A Conceptual Framework, Human Resource Development Review, 2, 4, 337-359.
[ 40 ] Jensen, M. C. and Meckling, W. H. (1992): Specific and general knowledge and organizational structure. In Contract economics, edited by, L. Werin and H. Wijkander, Oxford UK: Blackwell Publishers.
[ 41 ] Job Rodrigo-Alarcón, Pedro Manuel García-Villaverde, Gloria Parra-Requena, MaríaJosé Ruiz-Ortega, (2017) : Innovativeness in the context of technological and market dynamism: The conflicting effects of network density, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 30,4, 548-568
[ 42 ] Keupp, M. M. and Gassmann, O.(2009): Determinants and archetype users of open innovation, R & D Management, 39, 4, 331-341.
[ 43 ] Kline S, Rosenberg N .(1986): An overview of innovation. In: Landau R, Rosenberg N (eds), The positive sum strategy: harnessing technology for economic growth. National Academy, Washington DC, pp 275–305
[ 44 ] Kratzer,J., Meissner, D. and Roud, V.(2017): Open innovation and company culture: Internal openness makes the difference, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 119, 128-138.
[ 45 ] Krippendorff, K. (2004), “Reliability in content analysis”, Human Communication Research, 30,3, pp. 411-433
[ 46 ] KübraŞimşek ,NihanYıldırım. Constraints to Open Innovation in Science and Technology Parks. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 235 ( 2016 ) 719 – 728.
[ 47 ] Kuhn, T. S. (1962): Structure of scientific revolutions, Taylor & Francis, 36, 6, 821–824.
[ 48 ] Laursen, K.and Salter, A. (2004): Searching high and low: What types of firms use universities as a source of innovation?, Research Policy, 33, 1201-1215.
[ 49 ] Laursen, K. and Salter, A.(2006): Open for innovation: The role of openness in explaining innovation performance among U.K. manufacturing firms, Strategic Management Journal, 27, 2, 131-150.
[ 50 ] Lane, P. J., Koka, B. R.and Pathak, S. (2006): The reification of absorptive capacity: A critical review and rejuvenation of the construct, Academy of Management Review, 31, 4, 833-863.
[ 51 ] LoasbyBrian(2000): Organization as interpretative systems. DRUID Summer 2000,Conference 15-17, June,Rebild:Denmark.
[ 52 ] Lundvall, B.(1992):National systems of innovation: Towards a theory of innovation and interactive learning, Research Policy, 7 ,4, 318–330.
[ 53 ] Nonaka, I. (1994):A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation, Organization Science, 5, 1, 14-37.
[ 54 ] Nonaka, I. and Krogh, G. V. (2009): Perspective—tacit knowledge and knowledge conversion: Controversy and advancement in organizational knowledge creation theory, Organization Science, 20, 3, 635-652.
[ 55 ] OECD(1996). The Knowledge Based Economy. Paris: OECD.
[ 56 ] O'Cass, A. and Ngo, L. V. (2012): Creating superior customer value for b2b firms through supplier firm capabilities, Industrial Marketing Management, 41, 1, 125-135.
[ 57 ] Oliveira, L. S. D., Echeveste, M. E. S., Cortimiglia, M. N.andGonçalves, C. G. C.(2017): Analysis of determinants for Open Innovation implementation in Regional Innovation Systems. RAI Revista de Administração e Inovação,14, 2, 119-129.
[ 58 ] Onisor, L. F. (2015): Marketing Techniques Enhance Closed Innovation to form Open Innovation, Procedia Economics & Finance, 32, 298-306.
[ 59 ] Paulsen, N., Callan, V. and Ayoko, O. Transformational leadership and innovation in an R&D organization experiencing major change Journal of Organizational Change Management,26,3, 2013, 595-610.
[ 60 ] Popa, S., Soto-Acosta, P. and Martinez-Conesa, I. (2017): Antecedents, moderators, and outcomes of innovation climate and open innovation: An empirical study in SMEs, Technological Forecasting & Social Change, 118, 134-142.
[ 61 ] Rothwell, R. and Dodgson, M. (1994): Innovation and size of firm. In: Dodgson, M., Rothwell, R. .Eds..,TheHandbookofIndustrialInnovation,Chap.25. EdwardElgar, Aldershot, Hampshire.
[ 62 ] Şimşek, K. and Yıldırım, N. (2016): Constraints to open innovation in science and technology parks, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 235, 719-728.
[ 63 ] Stanisławski, R. and Lisowska, R.(2015): The relations between innovation openness (open innovation) and the innovation potential of SMEs, Procedia Economics & Finance, 23, 5, 1521-1526.
[ 64 ] Saebi, T.and Foss, N. J. (2015): Business models for open innovation: Matching heterogeneous open innovation strategies with business model dimensions, European Management Journal, 33, 3, 201-213.
[ 65 ] Saebi, T.and Foss, N. J.(2017): Fifteen years of research on business model innovation, Journal of Management, 43, 1, 200–227.
[ 66 ] Sisodiya, S. R., Johnson, J. L., andGrégoire, Y. (2013): Inbound open innovation for enhanced performance: enablers and opportunities, Industrial Marketing Management, 42, 5, 836-849.
[ 67 ] Spithoven, A.,Clarysse, B. andKnockaert, M. (2011): Building absorptive capacity to organize inbound open innovation in traditional industries, Technovation, 31, 1, 10-21.
[ 68 ] Terjesen, S. and Patel, P.C. (2017): In search of process innovations: The role of search depth, search breadth, and the industry environment, Journal of Management, 43, 5, 1421–1446.
[ 69 ] Villarreal, O. andCalvo, N.(2015): From the triple helix model to the global open innovation model: A case study based on international cooperation for innovation in Dominican Republic, Journal of Engineering & Technology Management, 35, 71-92.
[ 70 ] West, J. and Gallagher, S. (2006): Challenges of open innovation: the paradox of firm investment in open-source software, R & D Management, 36, 3, 319–331.
[ 71 ] Xu, G.  Wu .Y,Minshall . T, Zhou. Y (2017): Technological Forecasting & Social Change, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore. 2017.06.030
[ 72 ] Žemaitis, E. (2014): Knowledge management in open innovation paradigm context: high tech sector perspective, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 110, 164-173.