Basis on Negative Matter as Unified Dark Matter and Dark Energy

Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2023     |     PP. 1-11      |     PDF (333 K)    |     Pub. Date: April 10, 2023
DOI: 10.54647/astronomy160043    69 Downloads     14020 Views  

Author(s)

Yi-Fang Chang, Department of Physics, School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China

Abstract
Based on Dirac negative energy, Einstein mass-energy relation and principle of equivalence, we propose the negative matter as the simplest model of unified dark matter and dark energy. All theories are known, only mass includes positive and negative. Because there is repulsion between positive matter and negative matter, so which is invisible dark matter, and repulsion as dark energy. It may explain many phenomena of dark matter and dark energy. We derive that the rotational velocity of galaxy is approximate constant. Assume that dark matter is completely the negative matter, so we may calculate an evolutional ratio between total matter and usual matter from 1 to present 11.82 or 7.88. Further, the mechanism of inflation is origin of positive-negative matters created from nothing, whose expansion is exponential due to strong interactions at small microscopic scales. The negative matter as a candidate of dark matter and dark energy is not only the simplest, and is calculable and testable.

Keywords
dark matter, dark energy, negative matter, mass-energy relation, principle of equivalence, unification, calculation, test.

Cite this paper
Yi-Fang Chang, Basis on Negative Matter as Unified Dark Matter and Dark Energy , SCIREA Journal of Astronomy. Volume 5, Issue 2, April 2023 | PP. 1-11. 10.54647/astronomy160043

References

[ 1 ] Rubin, V. C. Ford, W. K. & Jr. Thonnard, N. Extended rotation curves of high-luminosity spiral galaxies. IV. Systematic dynamical properties. ApJ. 225, L107-111(1978).
[ 2 ] Binney, J. & Tremaine, S, Galactic Dynamics. Princeton University Press (1987).
[ 3 ] Van Tilburg, K. Leefer, N. Bougas, L. & Budker, D. Search for ultralight scalar dark matter with atomic spectroscopy. Phys. Rev. Lett. 115, 011802(2015).
[ 4 ] Hofmann, F. Sanders, J.S. Nandra, K. et al., 7.1 keV sterile neutrino constraints from X-ray observations of 33 clusters of galaxies with Chandra ACIS. A&A. 592, A112 (2016).
[ 5 ] Vermeulen, S.M. Relton, P. Grote, H. et al., Direct limits for scalar field dark matter from a gravitational-wave detector. Nature. 600, 424-428 (2021).
[ 6 ] Caldwell, R.  & Kamionkowski, M. Dark matter and dark energy. Nature. 2009, 458, 587-589(2009).
[ 7 ] Adam, R. et al. (Planck Collaboration), Planck 2015 results-I. Overview of products and scientific results. Astron & Astrophys. 594: A1-A13 (2016).
[ 8 ] Tanabashi, M. et al. Particle data group. Phys.Rev. D98,030001 (2018).
[ 9 ] Guo, Q. Hu, H. Zheng, Z. et al., Further evidence for a population of dark-matter-deficient dwarf galaxies. Nature Astronomy. 4:246-251(2020).
[ 10 ] Dirac, P.A.M. The theory of electrons and protons. Proc.Roy.Soc. A126,365-369(1930).
[ 11 ] Dirac, P.A.M. The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford. (1958).
[ 12 ] Chang, Y.-F. Negative matter, repulsion force, dark matter and inflation cosmos, Higgs mechanism. arXiv:0705.2908(2007).
[ 13 ] Chang, Y.-F. Negative matter, dark matter and theoretical test. International Review of Physics. 5(6), 340-345(2011).
[ 14 ] Chang, Y.-F. Field equations of repulsive force between positive-negative matter, inflation cosmos and many worlds. International Journal of Modern Theoretical Physics. 2(2),100-117 (2013).
[ 15 ] Chang Y.-F. Negative matter as unified dark matter and dark energy: simplest model, theory and nine tests. International Journal of Fundamental Physical Sciences. 10(4),40-54(2020).
[ 16 ] Chang, Y.-F. Development of matter and testable negative matter as unified dark matter and dark energy. Philosophy Study. 11(7):517-526(2021).
[ 17 ] Bondi, H. Negative mass in general relativity. Rev.Mod.Phys. 29,423-428(1957).
[ 18 ] Dodelson, S. Modern Cosmology. Academic Press (2003).
[ 19 ] Weinberg, S. Cosmology. Oxford University Press (2008).
[ 20 ] Perkins, D. Particle Astrophysics (Second Edition). Oxford University Press (2003).
[ 21 ] Caldwell, R.R. A phantom menace? Cosmological consequences of a dark energy component with super-negative equation of state. Phys.Lett. B545,23-29(2002).
[ 22 ] Massey, R. Rhodes, J. Ellis, R. et al. Dark matter maps reveal cosmic scaffolding. Nature. 445, 286-290(2007).
[ 23 ] Schuster, A. Potential matter—A holiday dream. Nature. 58,367(1898).