29.58% (31.26)% -Limiting Highest Efficiencies obtained in the \mathbf{n}^+(\mathbf{p}^+)-\mathbf{p}(\mathbf{n})\ Crystalline InP Junction Solar Cells at T=300 K, Due to The Effects of Heavy (Low) Doping and Impurity Size

Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2022     |     PP. 200-220      |     PDF (1340 K)    |     Pub. Date: October 23, 2022
DOI: 10.54647/physics14491    71 Downloads     2121 Views  

Author(s)

H. Van Cong, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique (LAMPS), EA 4217, Département de Physique, 52, Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66 860 Perpignan, France.
K. C. Ho-Huynh Thi, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique (LAMPS), EA 4217, Département de Physique, 52, Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66 860 Perpignan, France.
C. T. Huynh-Pivet, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique (LAMPS), EA 4217, Département de Physique, 52, Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66 860 Perpignan, France.
A. Pivet, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique (LAMPS), EA 4217, Département de Physique, 52, Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66 860 Perpignan, France.
C. V. Huynh, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique (LAMPS), EA 4217, Département de Physique, 52, Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66 860 Perpignan, France.
A. L. Pivet, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique (LAMPS), EA 4217, Département de Physique, 52, Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66 860 Perpignan, France.
I. Pivet, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physique (LAMPS), EA 4217, Département de Physique, 52, Avenue Paul Alduy, F-66 860 Perpignan, France.

Abstract
In the n^+(p^+)-p(n) crystalline InP-junction solar cells, by basing on a same treatment method, and for a same heavy (low) doping effect, as those investigate in our recent papers [1, 2], but using now a new expression, obtained for the static relative dielectric constant \varepsilon\left(r_{d\left(a\right)}\right), determined exactly in the effective Bohr model, as that given in Eq. (1c), representing the donor (acceptor) d(a)-radius r_{d\left(a\right)}-effect, or the \varepsilon\left(r_{d\left(a\right)}\right)-effect, suggesting further that, for an increasing r_{d\left(a\right)}, \varepsilon\left(r_{d\left(a\right)}\right) decreases, as showed in Table 1, according to the increase in photovoltaic efficiency η, as that observed in Tables 2 and 3, we finally get, in our present paper, for highest values of r_{d\left(a\right)}, the limiting highest efficiency results of such n^+(p^+)-p(n) crystalline InP-junction solar cells, η=29.58% (31.26%), respectively.Furthermore, one notes that our present value: η=31.26% can also be compared with the corresponding one, η=30.6%, investigated by Raj et al. [4], using a p-i-ZnO sample.

Keywords
donor (acceptor)-size effect; heavily doped emitter region; photovoltaic conversion factor; open circuit voltage; photovoltaic conversion efficiency

Cite this paper
H. Van Cong, K. C. Ho-Huynh Thi, C. T. Huynh-Pivet, A. Pivet, C. V. Huynh, A. L. Pivet, I. Pivet, 29.58% (31.26)% -Limiting Highest Efficiencies obtained in the \mathbf{n}^+(\mathbf{p}^+)-\mathbf{p}(\mathbf{n})\ Crystalline InP Junction Solar Cells at T=300 K, Due to The Effects of Heavy (Low) Doping and Impurity Size , SCIREA Journal of Physics. Volume 7, Issue 5, October 2022 | PP. 200-220. 10.54647/physics14491

References

[ 1 ] H. Van Cong, K. C. Ho-Huynh Thi, P. Blaise, R. Brouzet, O. Henri-Rousseau, “31.474% (44.359%)- Limiting Highest Efficiencies obtained in Crystalline GaAs Junction Solar Cells at 300K, Due to the Effects of Heavy (Low) Doping and Impurity Size, “SCIREA J. Phys., vol. 7, pp. 114-135, 2022.
[ 2 ] H. Van Cong, K. C. Ho-Huynh Thi, P. Blaise, O. Henri-Rousseau, R. Brouzet, J. Susian, and M. Cayrol, “31% (30.65%)- Limiting Highest Efficiencies obtained in Crystalline Silicon Junction Solar Cells at 300K, Due to the Effects of Heavy (Low) Doping and Impurity Size, “SCIREA J. Phys., vol. 7, pp. 80-103, 2022
[ 3 ] G. Otnes et al., “Understanding InP Nanowire Array Solar Cell performance by Nanoprobe- Enabled Single Nanowire measurements,” Nano Lett., vol. 18, pp. 3038-046, 2018; D. A. Goldman, “Nanophotonic resonators for InP Solar Cells,” Optics Express, vol. 24, pp. A925-A934, 2016.
[ 4 ] X. Yin et al., “19.2% Efficient InP Heterojunction Solar Cell with electron-selective Ti”ACS Photonics, vol. 1, pp.1245-1250; V. Raj et al., “Indium phosphide based solar cell using ultra-thin ZnO as an electron selective layer,”J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., vol. 51, 395301, 2021.
[ 5 ] F. A. Lindholm, A. Neugroschel, C. T. Sah, M. P. Godlewski, H. W. Brandhorst, “A methodology for experimentally based determination of gap shrinkage and effective lifetimes in the emitter and base of p-n junction solar cells and other p-n junction devices, “IEEE Trans. Electron Devices ED, vol. 24, pp. 402-410, 1977.
[ 6 ] W.Shockley and H. J. Queisser, “Detailed balace limit of efficiency of p-n junction solar cells,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 32, pp. 510-519, 1961.
[ 7 ] M.A. Shibib, F.A. Lindholm, and F. Therez, “Heavily doped transparent-emitter region in junction solar cells, diodes, and transistors,” IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 1979, vol. ED-26, pp. 959-965, 1979.
[ 8 ] C. Kittel, “Introduction to Solid State Physics, pp. 84-100. Wiley, New York (1976).
[ 9 ] R.A. Logan, J.F. Gilbert, and F.A. Trumbore, “Electron mobilities and tunneling currents in silicon,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 32, pp. 131-132, 1961.
[ 10 ] J. del Alamo, S. Swirhum, and R.M. Swanson, “Measuring and modeling minority carrier transport in heavily doped silicon,” Solid-State Electron., vol. 28, pp. 47-54, 1985.
[ 11 ] D. Chattopadhyay, and H.J. Queisser, “Electron scattering by ionized impurities in semiconductors,” Rev. Mod. Phys., vol. 53, pp. 745-768, 1981.
[ 12 ] J. del Alamo and R.M. Swanson, “Modeling of minority-carrier transport in heavily doped silicon emitters. Solid-State Electron., vol. 30, pp. 1127-1136, 1987.
[ 13 ] Z. Essa et al., “Doping profile measurement on textured silicon surface,” EPJ Photovoltaics, vol. 9, p.5, 2018.
[ 14 ] S.C. Jain, E.L. Heasell, and D.J. Roulston, “Recent advances in the physics of silicon p-n junction solar cells including their transient response,” Prog. Quant. Electron., vol. 11, pp.105-204, 1987.
[ 15 ] S.C. Jain and D.J. Roulston,” A simple expression for band gap narrowing in heavily doped Si, Ge, GaAs and strained layers. Solid-State Electron., vol. 34, pp. 453-465 (1991).
[ 16 ] D.B.M. Klaassen, J.W. Slotboom, and H.C. de Graaff, “Unified apparent band gap narrowing in n- and p-type silicon. Solid-State Electron. 1992, vol. 35, pp. 125-129, 1992.
[ 17 ] A. Zouari and A.B. Arab, “A simple formulation of the saturation current density in heavily doped emitters,” Can. J. Phys., vol. 81, pp. 1109-1120, 2003.
[ 18 ] J. W. Slotboom and H.C. de Graaff, “Measurements of band gap narrowing in Si bipolar transistors. Solid-State Electron,” vol. 19, pp. 857-862, 1976.
[ 19 ] M. A. Green, “Solar cell fill factors: general graph and empirical expressions. Solid-State Electron,” 1981, vol. 24, pp. 788-78, 1971.
[ 20 ] R.M. Swanson and R.A. Sinton, “Advances in Solar Energy,” edited by K. A. Bouer , American Solar Energy, Newark, Delaware, 1990.
[ 21 ] H. Van Cong, and S. Brunet, “Effective drift current densities in the n-type heavily doped emitter region of junction silicon solar cells. Solar Cells,” vol. 5, pp. 355-365, 1982.
[ 22 ] H. Van Cong, “A simple accurate solution to minority electron injection in the p-type heavily doped emitter region of silicon devices,” Physica Status Solidi A, vol. 149, pp. 619-628, 1995; H. Van Cong and G. Debiais, “About a conjunction between electrical and optical phenomena in p-type heavily doped silicon at room temperature,” Physica Status Solidi B, vol. 191, pp. 161-169, 1995.
[ 23 ] K. Masuko et al., “Achievement of more than 25% conversion efficiency with crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cell. IEEE J. Photovoltaic, vol. 4, pp. 1433-143, 2014.
[ 24 ] A. Fell, et al., “Input Parameters for the simulation of silicon solar cells in 2014,” IEEE J. Photovoltaics, vol. 5, pp. 1250-1263, 2015.
[ 25 ] H. Van Cong, and G. Debiais, “Energy band structure parameters and their data, derived from the measurements of minority carrier current density in heavily doped emitters of silicon devices,” Solar Ener. Mater. and Solar Cells, vol. 45, pp. 385-399, 1997; “Apparent band-gap narrowing and its data derived from the measurements of minority-carrier current density in heavily doped emitters of silicon devices,” Physica Status Solidi A, vol. 155, pp. 547-553, 1996; H. Van Cong, “ A new solution for minority-carrier injection into the heavily doped emitter of silicon devices,” Physica Status Solidi A, vol. 171, pp. 631-64, 1999.
[ 26 ] A. Richter, M. Hermle, and S.W. Glunz, “Reassessment of the limiting efficiency for crystalline silicon solar cells,” IEEE J. Photovoltaics, vol. 3, pp. 1184-1191, 2013.
[ 27 ] R.S. Davidsen, et al., “Black silicon laser-doped selective emitter solar cell with 18.1% efficiency. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells,” vol. 144, pp. 740-747, 2016.
[ 28 ] C. Battaglia, A. Cuevas, and S. de Wolf, “High-efficiency crystalline silicon solar cells: status and perspectives,” Energy Environ. Sci., vol. 9, pp. 1552-1576, 2016.
[ 29 ] M.A. Green, et al., “Solar cell efficiency tables (version 51),” Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl., vol. 26, pp. 3-12, 2018.
[ 30 ] J.E. Lang, F.L. Madarasz, and P.M. Hemenger, “Temperature dependent density of states effective mass in non-parabolic p-type silicon,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 54, pp. 3612-3612, 1983.
[ 31 ] M.A. Green, “Intrinsic concentration, effective densities of states, and effective mass in silicon,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 67, pp. 2944-2954, 1990.
[ 32 ] H. Van Cong, “Band gap changes in excited intrinsic (heavily doped) Si and Ge semiconductors,” Physica B, vol. 405, pp. 1139-1149, 2010.
[ 33 ] R. Pässler, “Dispersion-related description of temperature dependencies of band gaps in semiconductors,” Phys. Rev. B, vol. 66, p. 085201, 2002.
[ 34 ] R. Pässler, “Semi-empirical descriptions of temperature dependences of band gaps in semiconductors,” Physica Status Solidi B, vol. 236, pp. 710-728, 2003.
[ 35 ] O. Henri-Rousseau, and P. Blaise, “Quantum Oscillators,” edited by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2011.
[ 36 ] A.B. Sproul, and M.A. Green, “Improved value for the silicon intrinsic carrier concentration from 275 to 375 K,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 70, pp. 846-854, 1991.
[ 37 ] K. Misiakos, and D. Tsamakis, “Accurate measurements of the silicon intrinsic carrier density from 77 to 340 K,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 74, pp. 3293-3297, 1993.
[ 38 ] R. Couderc, M. Amara, and M. Lemiti, “Reassessment of the intrinsic carrier density temperature dependence in crystalline silicon,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 115, p. 093705, 2014.
[ 39 ] H. Van Cong, and G. Debiais, “ A simple accurate expression of the reduced Fermi energy for any reduced carrier density. J. Appl. Phys., vol. 73, pp. 1545-15463, 1993.
[ 40 ] H. Van Cong, and B. Doan Khanh, “Simple accurate general expression of the Fermi-Dirac integral and for j> -1,” Solid-State Electron., vol. 35, pp. 949-951, 1992; H. Van Cong, “New series representation of Fermi-Dirac integral for arbitrary j> -1, and its effect on for integer j,” Solid-State Electron., vol. 34, pp. 489-492, 1991.
[ 41 ] H. Van Cong, S. Abide, B. Zeghmati, and X. Chesneau, “Optical band gap in various impurity-Si systems from the metal-insulator transition study,” Physica B, vol. 436, pp. 130-139, 2014.
[ 42 ] H. Van Cong et al., “Size effect on different impurity levels in semiconductors,” Solid State Communications, vol. 49, pp. 697-699, 1984; H. Van Cong, “Effects of impurity size and heavy doping on energy-band-structure parameters of various impurity-Si systems,” Physica B, vol. 487, pp. 90-101, 2016.
[ 43 ] H. Van Cong, “Effects of donor size and heavy doping on optical, electrical and thermoelectric properties of various degenerate donor-silicon systems at low temperatures,” American Journal of Modern Physics, vol. 7, pp. 136-16, 2018.
[ 44 ] J. Wagner, and J.A. del Alamo, “Band-gap narrowing in heavily doped silicon: A comparison of optical and electrical data,” J. Appl. Phys., vol. 63, pp. 425-429, 1988.
[ 45 ] H. Van Cong, “Fermi energy and band-tail parameters in heavily doped semiconductors,” J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol. 36, pp. 1237-1240, 1975.