Volume 6, Number 2 (2022)
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Home > Journals > SCIREA Journal of Environment > Archive > Paper Information

Kanchan arsenic filters in Nepal: Constraints concerning removal efficiency

Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2022    |    PP. 15-19    |PDF (130 K)|    Pub. Date: June 27, 2022
DOI: 10.54647/environmental61284    49 Downloads     753 Views  

Author(s)
BARBARA MUELLER, Bamugeobiochem, Horbenstrasse 4, 8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland

Abstract
Unrequested health effects of a long-term intake of arsenic contaminated ground water have been known since a long time in Nepal and other countries in South-East Asia. Nowadays, so called Kanchan filters are installed in the lowland of Nepal but their removal efficiency has hardly ever been evaluated. This mini review reports about the constraints determined to influence the removal efficiency: Besides geological (mineralogy of the sediments), geochemical (pH, redox conditions, temperature, and solution composition) and handling (e.g. drying of the nail bed) issues, the maintenance of the filters by the involved residents is a major and underestimated concern.

Keywords
Arsenic, iron, decoupling, clay minerals, Kanchan filter, removal

Cite this paper
BARBARA MUELLER, Kanchan arsenic filters in Nepal: Constraints concerning removal efficiency, SCIREA Journal of Environment. Vol. 6 , No. 2 , 2022 , pp. 15 - 19 . https://doi.org/10.54647/environmental61284

References

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[ 2 ] Nakano, A., Kurosawa, K., Shamim, U. M., Tani, M. 2014. Geochemical assessment of arsenic contamination in well water and sediments from several communities in the Nawalparasi District of Nepal. Environ Earth Sci, 72, 3269-3280.
[ 3 ] Ngai, T. K. K., Shrestha, R. R., Dangol, B,. Maharjan, M., Murcott, S. E. 2007. Design for sustainable development – Household drinking water filter for arsenic and pathogen treatment in Nepal. J Environ Sci Health – A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng, 42, 1879-1888.
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[ 7 ] Mueller, B. 2020. First results of improved arsenic removal by redesigned Kanchan filters in the lowlands of Nepal. J Chem Appl, 2, 1-9.
[ 8 ] Mueller, B., Dangol, B., Ngai, T. K. K., Hug, S. J. 2020. Kanchan arsenic filters in the lowlands of Nepal – mode of operation, arsenic removal and future improvements. Submitted to. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-020-00718-9.
[ 9 ] Nickson, R. T., McArthur, J. M., Ravenscroft, P., Burgess, W. G., Ahmed, K. M. 2000. Mechanism of arsenic release to groundwater, Bangladesh and West Bengal. Appl Geochem, 15, 403-413.
[ 10 ] Guillot, S., Garçon, M., Weinman, .B, Gajurel, A,. Tisserand, D., France-Lanord, C., van Geen, A., Chakraborty, S., Huyghe, P., Upreti, B. N., Charlet, L. 2015. Origin of arsenic in Late Pleistocene to Holocene sediments in the Nawalparasi district (Terai, Nepal). Environm Earth Sci, DOI 10.1007/s12665-015-4277-y.
[ 11 ] Zweifel, E. R. Arsenic contamination in Nepal: Water treatment issues and geologic origin of the pollution. Master Thesis, Institute of Geography, University of Bern, 2018, 67 pp.

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