Author(s)
Peimin Pu, Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (NIGLAS), Nanjing 21008, P. R. China
Jiangping Pu, Penta Essential Meteorology & Environment Academy (PEMA), Nanjing 210009, Jiangsu, P. R. China
Zhenbin Zhu, University of Adelaide, Australia

Abstract
A stable quasi rigid water molecule structure and structure for solid and liquid water body was presented recently. A liquid water skin structure may be derived from that model with the electric coupling principles between water molecules on the air-water interface. The surface tension and latent heat for evaporation of water are simulated with high accuracy. The water surface, including water drops might “generate” negative ion/molecule (NWI, as the carrier of electron)　to air with probability of (1/11)8 among the water surface molecules, influencing the atmospheric electric fields. The surface structure of water droplets may lead to concentrate water molecules including NWI on bigger drops and form high negative voltage in cloud, heavy rainfall and lightning. The water quantity and electron recycling and climatic balance in atmosphere were presented in this article. The analysis results were verified by the experiments, mean vertical distribution of electricity in atmosphere and climatic world lightning frequency map data.

Keywords
Water molecule structure, water skin structure; water surface tension; latent heat of water evaporation; atmospheric electric fields; lightning;

Cite this paper
Peimin Pu, Jiangping Pu, Zhenbin Zhu, Liquid water skin structure & its influence on atmospheric electric fields, SCIREA Journal of Geosciences. Vol. 2 , No. 2 , 2017 , pp. 39 - 55 .

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