THE JIHADIST THREAT IN 2025: OLD RISK, PERMANENT DANGER.

Carmelo Jesús Aguilera Galindo, PhD in Humanities and Social Sciences from the University of Almería, Lawyer, Master's Degree in Security and Defense (CESEDEN), University Specialist in the Analysis of Jihadist Terrorism and Insurgent Movements (Pablo de Olavide University, Seville), Expert in Intelligence Analysis (UNITAR-University of Malaga).

Abstract
The year 2025 is taking its first steps. New hopes are emerging amidst old threats and real dangers. Old conflicts are giving way to new situations. One of those real risks and threats looming over us and globally is jihadist terrorism. But we must not forget far-right terrorism, a product of the action-reaction phenomenon. In this article, we will offer some brief ideas, observing the present and studying the past, about how the year 2025 may unfold in the field of jihadist terrorism, with special reference to the Spanish case.

Keywords
terrorism, jihadism, Europol, Spain, 2025.

Cite this paper
Carmelo Jesús Aguilera Galindo, THE JIHADIST THREAT IN 2025: OLD RISK, PERMANENT DANGER. , SCIREA Journal of Sociology. Volume 9, Issue 5, October 2025 | PP. 308-315. 10.54647/sociology841467

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