Clinicopathological Features and Metastatic Pattern of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Among Female Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital

Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2021     |     PP. 39-51      |     PDF (200 K)    |     Pub. Date: October 24, 2021
DOI: 10.54647/pm31139    102 Downloads     2769 Views  

Author(s)

fatma khinaifis Al thoubaity, king abdulaziz university hospital, Saudi Arabia

Abstract
Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease based upon the status of three receptors. Triple negative BC (TNBC), a BC subtype, lacks the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors as well as expression and amplification of HER2/neu and It appears more frequently in younger age group.
Objectives: analyze the clinicopathological features and metastatic rate of TNBC in Saudi Arabian women.
Methods: A seven-year retrospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University Hospital in Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. All females with TNBC diagnosed between January 1, 2010, and June 30, 2017, were enrolled. Demographic and clinical data were then obtained from medical records.
Results: Among 1209 BC patients , TNBC cases were 152 (17%). The mean age at the time of diagnosis was 48.82 years and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.3 kg/m2. The majority of the patients were obese. The most common symptoms were palpable axillary tail mass (17.1%), pain (16.4%), and nipple changes (14.5%). In our study, only 3.3% of patients experienced nipple discharge and 9.9% had a family history of BC. The average size of the tumor was 3.9 cm. The mortality rate was significant (21.7%). The recurrence and metastasis rates were 20.4% and 33.6%, respectively.
Conclusion: TNBC development was not significantly associated with the age, tumor and BMI. In addition, the majority of TNBC patients were obese, suggesting that weight of the patients is a significant factor associated with the development of TNBC .Recurrence and metastatic rate are high.

Keywords
breast cancer, triple negative, metastases, recurrence

Cite this paper
fatma khinaifis Al thoubaity, Clinicopathological Features and Metastatic Pattern of Triple Negative Breast Cancer Among Female Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital , SCIREA Journal of Medicine. Volume 5, Issue 5, October 2021 | PP. 39-51. 10.54647/pm31139

References

[ 1 ] Ghoncheh M, Pournamdar Z, Salehiniya H: Incidence and Mortality and Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in the World. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention. 2016, 17:43-46. 10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.S3.43
[ 2 ] Saggu S, Rehman H, Abbas ZK, Ansari AA: Recent incidence and descriptive epidemiological survey of breast cancer in. Saudi Arabia. Saudi medical journal. 2015, 36:1176. 10.15537/smj.2015.10.12268
[ 3 ] Elkablawy MA, Albasry AM, Hussainy AS, Nouh MM, Alhujaily A: Molecular profiling of breast carcinoma in Almadinah, KSA: immunophenotyping and clinicopathological correlation. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2015, 16:7819-7824. 10.7314/APJCP.2015.16.17.7819
[ 4 ] Navrátil J, Fabian P, Palácová M, Petráková K, Vyzula R, Svoboda M: Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Klinicka onkologie. Llin Onkol.2015;28(6):405-15.
[ 5 ] Kaplan HG, Malmgren JA: Impact of triple negative phenotype on breast cancer prognosis. Breast J. 2008, 14:456-463. 10.1111/j.1524-4741.2008.00622.x
[ 6 ] Lee JA, Kim KI, Bae JW, Jung YH, An H, Lee ES: Korean Breast Cancer Society Triple negative breast cancer in Korea—distinct biology with different impact of prognostic factors on survival. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010, 123:177-187. 10.1007/s10549-010-0998-5
[ 7 ] Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KL, et al.: Triple-negative breast cancer: clinical features and patterns of recurrence. Clin Cancer Res. 2007, 13:4429-4434. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-3045
[ 8 ] Nishimura R, Arima N: Is triple negative a prognostic factor in breast cancer?. Breast Cancer. 2008, 15:303-308. 10.1007/s12282-008-0042-3
[ 9 ] Carey LA, Dees EC, Sawyer L, et al.: The triple negative paradox: primary tumor chemosensitivity of breast cancer subtypes. Clin Cancer Res. 2007, 13:2329-2334. 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-1109
[ 10 ] Mersin H, Yildirim E, Berberoglu U, Gulben K: The prognostic importance of triple negative breast carcinoma. Breast. 2008, 17:341-346. 10.1016/j.breast.2007.11.031
[ 11 ] Liedke C, Mazouni C, Hess KR, et al.: Response to neoadjuvant therapy and long-term survival in patients with triple-negative breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008, 26:1275-1281. 10.1200/JCO.2007.14.4147
[ 12 ] Lin NU, Vanderplas A, Hughes ME, et al.: Clinicopathologic features, patterns of recurrence, and survival among women with triple-negative breast cancer in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network. Cancer. 2012, 10.1002/cncr.27581.
[ 13 ] Chlebowski RT: Nutrition and physical activity influence on breast cancer incidence and outcome. Breast 10.1016/j.breast.2013.07.006.
[ 14 ] Alzahrani W, Althoubaity F, Alsobhi D, et al.: Clinicopathological Features and Metastatic Pattern of Triple-positive Breast Cancer Among Female Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Cureus. 2019, 11:12. 10.7759/cureus.6458
[ 15 ] Negi P, Kingsley PA, Jain K, Sachdeva J, Srivastava H, Marcus S, Pannu A: Survival of triple negative versus triple positive breast cancers: comparison and contrast. Asian Pac J Cancer. 2016, 17(8):3911-6
[ 16 ] Giri R, Sahu S, Senapati U: Clinicopathological features of triple negative breast carcinoma-An experience from a tertiary care hospital. IOSR-JDMS. 2018, 10-12 20:1. 10.9790/0853-1708121012”.
[ 17 ] Makari-Judson G, Braun B, Jerry DJ, Mertens WC: Weight gain following breast cancer diagnosis: Implication and proposed mechanisms. World J Clin Oncol. 2014, 5:272-282. 10-5306/wjco.v5.i3.272
[ 18 ] Nichols HB, Trentham-Dietz A, Egan KM, et al.: Body mass index before and after breast cancer diagnosis: associations with all-cause, breast cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009, 18:1403-1409. 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-1094
[ 19 ] Caan BJ, Kwan ML, Hartzell G, Castillo A, Slattery ML, Sternfeld B, Weltzien E: Pre-diagnosis body mass index, post-diagnosis weight change, and prognosis among women with early stage breast cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 2008, 19:1319-1328.
[ 20 ] Sun W, Li C, Liu M, Liu W, Yang C, Cai LI: Prognostic analysis of triple-negative breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant chemotherapy of fluorouracil, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide. Oncology letters. 2016, 11:2320-2326. 10.3892/oI.2016.4176
[ 21 ] Weidhaas J, Harris L, Hait W, Toppmeyer D: Locoregional relapse and distant metastasis in conservatively managed triple negative earlystage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2006, 24:5652-5657. 10.1200/JCO.2006.06.5664
[ 22 ] Rakha EA, El Sayed ME, Green AR, Lee AH, Robertson JF, Ellis IO: Prognostic markers in triple negative breast cancer. Cancer. 2007, 109:25-32. 10.1002/cncr.22381
[ 23 ] RodríguezPinilla SM, Sarrió D, Honrado E, et al.: Vimentin and laminin expression is associated with basallike phenotype in both sporadic and BRCA1associated breast carcinomas. J Clin Pathol. 2007, 60:1006-1012. 10.1136/JCP.2006.042143
[ 24 ] Niwińska A, Murawska M, Pogoda K: Breast cancer brain metastasis: differences in survival depending on biological subtype, RPA RTOG prognostic class and systemic treatment after whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). Ann Oncol. 2010, 21:942-948. 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15
[ 25 ] Dent R, Trudeau M, Pritchard KI, et al.: Reduced risk of axillary lymphatic spread in triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 2015,49:229-236.